Determinant of Vandermonde-looking matrix is nonzero The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are In Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)$a_1 k^b_1 + a_2 k^b_2 + … + a_n k^b_n = 0$Determining the kernel of a Vandermonde-like matrixVandermonde determinant by inductionInduction for Vandermonde MatrixProving determinant of Vandermonde matrixMatrix consisting of cosines of differencesA non-Vandermonde matrix with Vandermonde-like determinant?A question related to sub-matrix of a Vandermonde matrixEvaluate the determinant of a Hessenberg matrixCalculate determinant of matrix $n times n$.The Determinant of a Special Vandermonde Matrix

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Determinant of Vandermonde-looking matrix is nonzero



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are In
Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)$a_1 k^b_1 + a_2 k^b_2 + … + a_n k^b_n = 0$Determining the kernel of a Vandermonde-like matrixVandermonde determinant by inductionInduction for Vandermonde MatrixProving determinant of Vandermonde matrixMatrix consisting of cosines of differencesA non-Vandermonde matrix with Vandermonde-like determinant?A question related to sub-matrix of a Vandermonde matrixEvaluate the determinant of a Hessenberg matrixCalculate determinant of matrix $n times n$.The Determinant of a Special Vandermonde Matrix










1












$begingroup$


For $ngeq 2$, $x_1,x_2,..,x_n$ distinct real numbers and $alpha > 0$,$alpha neq 1$ a real number, show that the determinant of the matix



beginbmatrix
1 & 1 & 1 & ... & 1 \
x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & ... & x_n \
vdots & vdots &vdots & ddots & vdots \
x_1^n-2 & x_2^n-2& x_3^n-2 & ... & x_n^n-2 \
alpha^x_1 & alpha^x_2 & alpha^x_3 & ... & alpha^x_n
endbmatrix



is nonzero.



My attempts:



For $n = 2$ we get $alpha^x_1 - alpha^x_2 neq 0$ which is clear.



For n = 3 we get $alpha^x(z - y) + alpha^y(x - z) +alpha^z(y - x) neq 0$ (I have renamed $x_1,x_2,x_3$ to $x,y,z$ for simplicity). If you move the middle term to the other side and divide by $alpha^y$ and set $a = x-y, b = z-y$ this turns into
$$fracalpha^a - 1a neq fracalpha^b - 1b.$$
For $alpha$ different from 1, it is clear that the function $fracalpha^x - 1x$ is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing, depending on $alpha$. Thus it is injective, and so $fracalpha^a - 1a = fracalpha^b - 1b iff a = b iff x = z$, which is a contradiction.



Now for $n geq 4$.



If you expand the determinant by the second-to-last line, you get a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$, in which the sum of the coefficients is zero (you can see that by replacing the second-to-last line with a line full of 1's; The determinant would be zero since the first line would be equal to the second-to-last line, and by expanding the determinant you get that the sum of coefficients is zero). Since by induction the coefficients are nonzero, it would amount to showing that if a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$'s with coefficients summing to zero is zero, then at least one coefficient is zero, which does not seem right after some experimenting.



The other way is to expand it by the last line; I've explored that in this post: $a_1 k^b_1 + a_2 k^b_2 + ... + a_n k^b_n = 0$ I have not been able to prove that rigorously.



Any ideas would be appreciated.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$
















    1












    $begingroup$


    For $ngeq 2$, $x_1,x_2,..,x_n$ distinct real numbers and $alpha > 0$,$alpha neq 1$ a real number, show that the determinant of the matix



    beginbmatrix
    1 & 1 & 1 & ... & 1 \
    x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & ... & x_n \
    vdots & vdots &vdots & ddots & vdots \
    x_1^n-2 & x_2^n-2& x_3^n-2 & ... & x_n^n-2 \
    alpha^x_1 & alpha^x_2 & alpha^x_3 & ... & alpha^x_n
    endbmatrix



    is nonzero.



    My attempts:



    For $n = 2$ we get $alpha^x_1 - alpha^x_2 neq 0$ which is clear.



    For n = 3 we get $alpha^x(z - y) + alpha^y(x - z) +alpha^z(y - x) neq 0$ (I have renamed $x_1,x_2,x_3$ to $x,y,z$ for simplicity). If you move the middle term to the other side and divide by $alpha^y$ and set $a = x-y, b = z-y$ this turns into
    $$fracalpha^a - 1a neq fracalpha^b - 1b.$$
    For $alpha$ different from 1, it is clear that the function $fracalpha^x - 1x$ is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing, depending on $alpha$. Thus it is injective, and so $fracalpha^a - 1a = fracalpha^b - 1b iff a = b iff x = z$, which is a contradiction.



    Now for $n geq 4$.



    If you expand the determinant by the second-to-last line, you get a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$, in which the sum of the coefficients is zero (you can see that by replacing the second-to-last line with a line full of 1's; The determinant would be zero since the first line would be equal to the second-to-last line, and by expanding the determinant you get that the sum of coefficients is zero). Since by induction the coefficients are nonzero, it would amount to showing that if a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$'s with coefficients summing to zero is zero, then at least one coefficient is zero, which does not seem right after some experimenting.



    The other way is to expand it by the last line; I've explored that in this post: $a_1 k^b_1 + a_2 k^b_2 + ... + a_n k^b_n = 0$ I have not been able to prove that rigorously.



    Any ideas would be appreciated.










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$














      1












      1








      1





      $begingroup$


      For $ngeq 2$, $x_1,x_2,..,x_n$ distinct real numbers and $alpha > 0$,$alpha neq 1$ a real number, show that the determinant of the matix



      beginbmatrix
      1 & 1 & 1 & ... & 1 \
      x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & ... & x_n \
      vdots & vdots &vdots & ddots & vdots \
      x_1^n-2 & x_2^n-2& x_3^n-2 & ... & x_n^n-2 \
      alpha^x_1 & alpha^x_2 & alpha^x_3 & ... & alpha^x_n
      endbmatrix



      is nonzero.



      My attempts:



      For $n = 2$ we get $alpha^x_1 - alpha^x_2 neq 0$ which is clear.



      For n = 3 we get $alpha^x(z - y) + alpha^y(x - z) +alpha^z(y - x) neq 0$ (I have renamed $x_1,x_2,x_3$ to $x,y,z$ for simplicity). If you move the middle term to the other side and divide by $alpha^y$ and set $a = x-y, b = z-y$ this turns into
      $$fracalpha^a - 1a neq fracalpha^b - 1b.$$
      For $alpha$ different from 1, it is clear that the function $fracalpha^x - 1x$ is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing, depending on $alpha$. Thus it is injective, and so $fracalpha^a - 1a = fracalpha^b - 1b iff a = b iff x = z$, which is a contradiction.



      Now for $n geq 4$.



      If you expand the determinant by the second-to-last line, you get a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$, in which the sum of the coefficients is zero (you can see that by replacing the second-to-last line with a line full of 1's; The determinant would be zero since the first line would be equal to the second-to-last line, and by expanding the determinant you get that the sum of coefficients is zero). Since by induction the coefficients are nonzero, it would amount to showing that if a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$'s with coefficients summing to zero is zero, then at least one coefficient is zero, which does not seem right after some experimenting.



      The other way is to expand it by the last line; I've explored that in this post: $a_1 k^b_1 + a_2 k^b_2 + ... + a_n k^b_n = 0$ I have not been able to prove that rigorously.



      Any ideas would be appreciated.










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      For $ngeq 2$, $x_1,x_2,..,x_n$ distinct real numbers and $alpha > 0$,$alpha neq 1$ a real number, show that the determinant of the matix



      beginbmatrix
      1 & 1 & 1 & ... & 1 \
      x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & ... & x_n \
      vdots & vdots &vdots & ddots & vdots \
      x_1^n-2 & x_2^n-2& x_3^n-2 & ... & x_n^n-2 \
      alpha^x_1 & alpha^x_2 & alpha^x_3 & ... & alpha^x_n
      endbmatrix



      is nonzero.



      My attempts:



      For $n = 2$ we get $alpha^x_1 - alpha^x_2 neq 0$ which is clear.



      For n = 3 we get $alpha^x(z - y) + alpha^y(x - z) +alpha^z(y - x) neq 0$ (I have renamed $x_1,x_2,x_3$ to $x,y,z$ for simplicity). If you move the middle term to the other side and divide by $alpha^y$ and set $a = x-y, b = z-y$ this turns into
      $$fracalpha^a - 1a neq fracalpha^b - 1b.$$
      For $alpha$ different from 1, it is clear that the function $fracalpha^x - 1x$ is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing, depending on $alpha$. Thus it is injective, and so $fracalpha^a - 1a = fracalpha^b - 1b iff a = b iff x = z$, which is a contradiction.



      Now for $n geq 4$.



      If you expand the determinant by the second-to-last line, you get a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$, in which the sum of the coefficients is zero (you can see that by replacing the second-to-last line with a line full of 1's; The determinant would be zero since the first line would be equal to the second-to-last line, and by expanding the determinant you get that the sum of coefficients is zero). Since by induction the coefficients are nonzero, it would amount to showing that if a linear combination of the $x_i^n-2$'s with coefficients summing to zero is zero, then at least one coefficient is zero, which does not seem right after some experimenting.



      The other way is to expand it by the last line; I've explored that in this post: $a_1 k^b_1 + a_2 k^b_2 + ... + a_n k^b_n = 0$ I have not been able to prove that rigorously.



      Any ideas would be appreciated.







      matrices determinant






      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question











      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question










      asked Mar 24 at 16:04









      Davidmath7Davidmath7

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