Aktion Kugel References See also External links Navigation menuEss.uwe.ac.ukIcrc.orgThe Avalon Project: Document No. 1650-PS
World War II prisoners of war held by GermanyNazi war crimesEscapes
Naziprisoners of warofficersnon-commissioned officersMauthausen-Gusen concentration campThird Geneva ConventionBritishWehrmachtStalag Luft IIIUSSRDutch
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| Kugel-erlass | |
|---|---|
 Block 20 of Mühlviertler subcamp of Mauthausen, where the POWs were left to die | |
| Date | 2 March 1944–5 May 1945 |
| Victims | 1,300–5,040 |
The "Kugel-Erlass" (English: bullet decree) also known as "Aktion Kugel" was a secret decree (Geheimbefehl), issued by Nazi Germany on 2 March 1944. The decree stated that escaped Allied prisoners of war, especially officers and senior non-commissioned officers, should be handed over to the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) who should execute them, "im Rahmen der Aktion Kugel", in Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.
This order was in direct contravention of the provisions of the Third Geneva Convention.
An exception was made for escaped British and American prisoners of war. Their fate was to be decided by the German High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht) on a case-by-case basis. The bullet decree was later amended to include British soldiers after the "Great Escape" from Stalag Luft III of 25 March 1944.
The number of escaped prisoners of war executed by the Kugel-erlass is not precisely known; estimates vary between 1,300 and 5,040 executed. The vast majority of these prisoners of war came from the USSR. Five escaped Dutch officers are known, and four more are suspected, to have been executed in Mauthausen as a result of the Kugel-Erlass.
References
See also
- Le Paradis massacre
- Severity Order
- Commissar Order
- Commando Order
- Adolf Hitler's directives
- German High Command orders for Treatment of Soviet Prisoners of War
- German commando operations
Oflag
Gleiwitz incident, 1939
Operation Greif, 1944
External links
- Ess.uwe.ac.uk
- Icrc.org
The Avalon Project: Document No. 1650-PS- Leo de Hartog: officieren achter prikkeldraad 1940-1945. (Dutch officers behind barbed wire 1940-1945) (in Dutch)
