Proving continuity and boundedness of the Fourier Transform The Next CEO of Stack OverflowFourier transform (properties)Define The Improper Integral in Fourier TransformFinding Fourier Transform with Special PropertiesIntegrable Fourier transform implies continuityBoundedness of Fourier transformFourier transform of $frac1sqrt1 + x^2$Continuity of fourier transform with complex argumentProving Uniform Continuity of Fourier transform (Related to measure theory)Fourier transform and lebesgue integralNon trivial condition for continuity of multivariable Fourier transform
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Proving continuity and boundedness of the Fourier Transform
The Next CEO of Stack OverflowFourier transform (properties)Define The Improper Integral in Fourier TransformFinding Fourier Transform with Special PropertiesIntegrable Fourier transform implies continuityBoundedness of Fourier transformFourier transform of $frac1sqrt1 + x^2$Continuity of fourier transform with complex argumentProving Uniform Continuity of Fourier transform (Related to measure theory)Fourier transform and lebesgue integralNon trivial condition for continuity of multivariable Fourier transform
$begingroup$
Let $fin L^1(mathbb R^d)$. Define the Fourier transform of $f$ by $$hatf(y)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx,,,,(yinmathbb R^d).$$
Show that $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is a continuous function and $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
$textbfMy Attempt:$ First we prove continuity. Let $yinmathbb R^d$ be arbitrary but fixed, and let $(y_n)_nsubsetmathbb R^d$ such that $y_nto y$ as $ntoinfty$. Then for every $xinmathbb R^d$ we have that $f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nto f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y$ as $ntoinfty$, since the function $ymapsto e^-2pi ixcdot y$ is continuous. Now observe that $vert f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nvertleqvert f(x)vert$ for all $xinmathbb R^d.$ Therefore by the Dominated convergence theorem, it follows that $$limlimits_ntoinftyhatf(y_n)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx=hatf(y).$$ Since $yinmathbb R^d$ was arbitrary, the function $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is continuous.
Now we prove that $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$ Note that for all $yinmathbb R^d$ we have $$vert hatf(y)vertleqint_mathbb R^dvert f(x)vertvert e^-2pi ixcdot yvert,dx=|f|_1.$$ Since the above holds for all $yinmathbb R^d$, it follows that $|hat f(y)|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
Do you agree with the my proof?
Any feedback is much welcomed. Thank your for your time.
real-analysis proof-verification fourier-analysis lebesgue-integral fourier-transform
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $fin L^1(mathbb R^d)$. Define the Fourier transform of $f$ by $$hatf(y)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx,,,,(yinmathbb R^d).$$
Show that $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is a continuous function and $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
$textbfMy Attempt:$ First we prove continuity. Let $yinmathbb R^d$ be arbitrary but fixed, and let $(y_n)_nsubsetmathbb R^d$ such that $y_nto y$ as $ntoinfty$. Then for every $xinmathbb R^d$ we have that $f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nto f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y$ as $ntoinfty$, since the function $ymapsto e^-2pi ixcdot y$ is continuous. Now observe that $vert f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nvertleqvert f(x)vert$ for all $xinmathbb R^d.$ Therefore by the Dominated convergence theorem, it follows that $$limlimits_ntoinftyhatf(y_n)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx=hatf(y).$$ Since $yinmathbb R^d$ was arbitrary, the function $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is continuous.
Now we prove that $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$ Note that for all $yinmathbb R^d$ we have $$vert hatf(y)vertleqint_mathbb R^dvert f(x)vertvert e^-2pi ixcdot yvert,dx=|f|_1.$$ Since the above holds for all $yinmathbb R^d$, it follows that $|hat f(y)|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
Do you agree with the my proof?
Any feedback is much welcomed. Thank your for your time.
real-analysis proof-verification fourier-analysis lebesgue-integral fourier-transform
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Sounds right to me...
$endgroup$
– Mostafa Ayaz
Mar 20 at 0:13
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Let $fin L^1(mathbb R^d)$. Define the Fourier transform of $f$ by $$hatf(y)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx,,,,(yinmathbb R^d).$$
Show that $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is a continuous function and $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
$textbfMy Attempt:$ First we prove continuity. Let $yinmathbb R^d$ be arbitrary but fixed, and let $(y_n)_nsubsetmathbb R^d$ such that $y_nto y$ as $ntoinfty$. Then for every $xinmathbb R^d$ we have that $f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nto f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y$ as $ntoinfty$, since the function $ymapsto e^-2pi ixcdot y$ is continuous. Now observe that $vert f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nvertleqvert f(x)vert$ for all $xinmathbb R^d.$ Therefore by the Dominated convergence theorem, it follows that $$limlimits_ntoinftyhatf(y_n)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx=hatf(y).$$ Since $yinmathbb R^d$ was arbitrary, the function $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is continuous.
Now we prove that $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$ Note that for all $yinmathbb R^d$ we have $$vert hatf(y)vertleqint_mathbb R^dvert f(x)vertvert e^-2pi ixcdot yvert,dx=|f|_1.$$ Since the above holds for all $yinmathbb R^d$, it follows that $|hat f(y)|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
Do you agree with the my proof?
Any feedback is much welcomed. Thank your for your time.
real-analysis proof-verification fourier-analysis lebesgue-integral fourier-transform
$endgroup$
Let $fin L^1(mathbb R^d)$. Define the Fourier transform of $f$ by $$hatf(y)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx,,,,(yinmathbb R^d).$$
Show that $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is a continuous function and $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
$textbfMy Attempt:$ First we prove continuity. Let $yinmathbb R^d$ be arbitrary but fixed, and let $(y_n)_nsubsetmathbb R^d$ such that $y_nto y$ as $ntoinfty$. Then for every $xinmathbb R^d$ we have that $f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nto f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y$ as $ntoinfty$, since the function $ymapsto e^-2pi ixcdot y$ is continuous. Now observe that $vert f(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y_nvertleqvert f(x)vert$ for all $xinmathbb R^d.$ Therefore by the Dominated convergence theorem, it follows that $$limlimits_ntoinftyhatf(y_n)=int_mathbb R^df(x)e^-2pi ixcdot y,dx=hatf(y).$$ Since $yinmathbb R^d$ was arbitrary, the function $hatf:mathbb R^dtomathbbC$ is continuous.
Now we prove that $|hatf|_inftyleq|f|_1.$ Note that for all $yinmathbb R^d$ we have $$vert hatf(y)vertleqint_mathbb R^dvert f(x)vertvert e^-2pi ixcdot yvert,dx=|f|_1.$$ Since the above holds for all $yinmathbb R^d$, it follows that $|hat f(y)|_inftyleq|f|_1.$
Do you agree with the my proof?
Any feedback is much welcomed. Thank your for your time.
real-analysis proof-verification fourier-analysis lebesgue-integral fourier-transform
real-analysis proof-verification fourier-analysis lebesgue-integral fourier-transform
asked Mar 18 at 21:32
Gaby AlfonsoGaby Alfonso
1,1881318
1,1881318
$begingroup$
Sounds right to me...
$endgroup$
– Mostafa Ayaz
Mar 20 at 0:13
add a comment |
$begingroup$
Sounds right to me...
$endgroup$
– Mostafa Ayaz
Mar 20 at 0:13
$begingroup$
Sounds right to me...
$endgroup$
– Mostafa Ayaz
Mar 20 at 0:13
$begingroup$
Sounds right to me...
$endgroup$
– Mostafa Ayaz
Mar 20 at 0:13
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Your proof is correct, but I think it is not the best possible: you use the Dominated convergence theorem, which is quite a strong result, only to prove continuity of the Fourier transform.
Another proof could be based on
$|hatf(y+h)-hatf(y)|=|int_mathbbR^df(x)e^-2pi i xcdot y(e^-2pi ixcdot h-1)|
leqint_mathbbR^d|f(x)||e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$
This equation one has the advantage not do depend on $y$, and from this we deduce that the continuity is uniform (some work is required to show it thought, since $|e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ doesn't go to $0$ uniformly), and we did this without appelling to $hatf$ the Dominated convergence theorem.
For what concerns the boundedness of $hatf$, your proof is perfectly fine.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
|
show 4 more comments
Your Answer
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1 Answer
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active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
Your proof is correct, but I think it is not the best possible: you use the Dominated convergence theorem, which is quite a strong result, only to prove continuity of the Fourier transform.
Another proof could be based on
$|hatf(y+h)-hatf(y)|=|int_mathbbR^df(x)e^-2pi i xcdot y(e^-2pi ixcdot h-1)|
leqint_mathbbR^d|f(x)||e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$
This equation one has the advantage not do depend on $y$, and from this we deduce that the continuity is uniform (some work is required to show it thought, since $|e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ doesn't go to $0$ uniformly), and we did this without appelling to $hatf$ the Dominated convergence theorem.
For what concerns the boundedness of $hatf$, your proof is perfectly fine.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
Your proof is correct, but I think it is not the best possible: you use the Dominated convergence theorem, which is quite a strong result, only to prove continuity of the Fourier transform.
Another proof could be based on
$|hatf(y+h)-hatf(y)|=|int_mathbbR^df(x)e^-2pi i xcdot y(e^-2pi ixcdot h-1)|
leqint_mathbbR^d|f(x)||e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$
This equation one has the advantage not do depend on $y$, and from this we deduce that the continuity is uniform (some work is required to show it thought, since $|e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ doesn't go to $0$ uniformly), and we did this without appelling to $hatf$ the Dominated convergence theorem.
For what concerns the boundedness of $hatf$, your proof is perfectly fine.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
Your proof is correct, but I think it is not the best possible: you use the Dominated convergence theorem, which is quite a strong result, only to prove continuity of the Fourier transform.
Another proof could be based on
$|hatf(y+h)-hatf(y)|=|int_mathbbR^df(x)e^-2pi i xcdot y(e^-2pi ixcdot h-1)|
leqint_mathbbR^d|f(x)||e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$
This equation one has the advantage not do depend on $y$, and from this we deduce that the continuity is uniform (some work is required to show it thought, since $|e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ doesn't go to $0$ uniformly), and we did this without appelling to $hatf$ the Dominated convergence theorem.
For what concerns the boundedness of $hatf$, your proof is perfectly fine.
$endgroup$
Your proof is correct, but I think it is not the best possible: you use the Dominated convergence theorem, which is quite a strong result, only to prove continuity of the Fourier transform.
Another proof could be based on
$|hatf(y+h)-hatf(y)|=|int_mathbbR^df(x)e^-2pi i xcdot y(e^-2pi ixcdot h-1)|
leqint_mathbbR^d|f(x)||e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$
This equation one has the advantage not do depend on $y$, and from this we deduce that the continuity is uniform (some work is required to show it thought, since $|e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ doesn't go to $0$ uniformly), and we did this without appelling to $hatf$ the Dominated convergence theorem.
For what concerns the boundedness of $hatf$, your proof is perfectly fine.
edited Mar 19 at 19:05
answered Mar 18 at 21:57
Gabriele CasseseGabriele Cassese
1,181316
1,181316
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
|
show 4 more comments
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
In my opinion anyone studying Fourier transforms of $L^1$ function should have no hesitation to use DCT, MCT etc. However if we are specifically asked to prove uniform continuity, then your comment on OP's proof is very reasonable.
$endgroup$
– Kavi Rama Murthy
Mar 18 at 23:47
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
@KaviRamaMurthy yes, you are right
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 6:08
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
Why do you think you've shown the continuity is uniform? $ |e^-2pi i xcdot h-1|$ is not uniformly small.
$endgroup$
– zhw.
Mar 19 at 18:04
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. Because the bound on the distance does not depend on $y$ but only on $h$. Thus, for $epsilon>0$ small enough, we can obtain a relation such that $|x-x_0|<h rightarrow |hatf(x)-hatf(x_0)|<epsilon$
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:16
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
$begingroup$
@zhw. The integral will have to be divided in pieces to avoid too much oscillations caused by the dipendence on $x$ ( or maybe using an approximation of $f$ with compact-supported functions), but doing this will result in proving the uniform continuity
$endgroup$
– Gabriele Cassese
Mar 19 at 18:22
|
show 4 more comments
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$begingroup$
Sounds right to me...
$endgroup$
– Mostafa Ayaz
Mar 20 at 0:13