Su Nuraxi (Barumini) Contents Nuraghe Village Archaeological excavations Bibliography References External links Navigation menu39°42′21″N 8°59′26″E / 39.70583°N 8.99056°E / 39.70583; 8.9905639°42′21″N 8°59′26″E / 39.70583°N 8.99056°E / 39.70583; 8.99056833Sardegna Cultura -- Barumini, Complesso di Su NuraxiBarumini Sistema Cultura FoundationPhoto Gallery Nuraghe Su NuraxiNuraghi.org - informational pagee

Buildings and structures in SardiniaWorld Heritage Sites in ItalyArchaeological sites in SardiniaFormer populated places in ItalyTourist attractions in SardiniaNuragheNational museums of Italy


nuragicBaruminiSardiniaItalyCampidaneseSardinian languageNuragheNuragheNuragic civilizationUNESCOWorld Heritage SitesGiovanni LilliuCarthageRomansGiovanni Lilliu



































Su Nuraxi

Nuraghe Su Nuraxi - Barumini - Sardinia - Italy - 30.jpg
Su Nuraxi in Barumini



Su Nuraxi (Barumini) is located in Sardinia
Su Nuraxi (Barumini)


Map showing location in Sardinia

Location
Barumini, Sardinia, Italy
Coordinates
39°42′21″N 8°59′26″E / 39.70583°N 8.99056°E / 39.70583; 8.99056Coordinates: 39°42′21″N 8°59′26″E / 39.70583°N 8.99056°E / 39.70583; 8.99056
TypeSettlement
History
Founded17th century BCE
Abandoned6th century BCE
PeriodsBronze Age
CulturesNuragic civilization
Site notes
Excavation dates1950-1957
ArchaeologistsGiovanni Lilliu

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official nameSu Nuraxi di Barumini
TypeCultural
Criteriai, iii, iv
Designated1997 (21st session)
Reference no.833
RegionEurope and North America


Su Nuraxi is a nuragic archaeological site in Barumini, Sardinia, Italy. Su Nuraxi simply means "The Nuraghe" in Campidanese, the southern variant of the Sardinian language.


Su Nuraxi is a settlement consisting of a seventeenth century BCE Nuraghe, a bastion of four corner towers plus a central one, and a village inhabited from the thirteenth to the sixth century BCE, developed around the Nuraghe. They are considered by scholars the most impressive expression of the Nuragic civilization and were included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997 as Su Nuraxi di Barumini.




Contents





  • 1 Nuraghe

    • 1.1 Structure


    • 1.2 Function



  • 2 Village


  • 3 Archaeological excavations


  • 4 Bibliography


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links




Nuraghe




Su Nuraxi in winter



Structure




The main tower and the inner courtyard




The Nuraghe and its countryside in summer


The oldest part of the Nuraghe consists of a central tower with three superposed chambers (18.6m high). It was built in blocks of basalt between the seventeenth and thirteenth centuries BCE. Later, during the Late Bronze Age, four towers joined by a curtain wall with an upper balcony (no longer extant) were built around the central tower, all communicating with an inner courtyard served by a well. During the Iron Age, the complex was surrounded by a curtain wall with seven lobes (heptalobate).



Function


The real function of the nuraghe is still debated. The discoverer of Su Nuraxi, the archaeologist Giovanni Lilliu, confirmed the traditional interpretation of fortress-site. Other archaeologists believe that the oldest part of the complex was destined for a religious purpose, refuge, civil or even parliament or registered the village chief, while the towers were added perhaps intended for military purposes and stock.



Village




The village


A village, intended to accommodate the surrounding population, was built around the Nuraghe in the Late Bronze Age. The many phases of life in the village render it impossible to establish the number of huts in one phase, the number of huts varied from forty to two hundreds, so the population ranged from 100 to 1000 inhabitants[1] and the settlement was built on a circular plan with large boulders covered with dry stone walls and conical roofs made of wood and branches. Though the huts were structured in a single unit in more remote periods, there was a later, more prevalent tendency to subdivide housing into individual units. Of the huts found, the most significant appear to have been reserved for meetings of the local leaders. These huts were larger and more complex in structure, and the hut reserved for the inhabitants' meetings contained symbols of the deities worshiped by locals. Other rooms have been identified as workshops, kitchens, and agricultural processing centres. During the 9-8th century bc a sewerage system was built along with a paved square and streets.[2]


During the sixth century BCE, the buildings were destroyed and subsequently restored by Carthage before being occupied by the Romans. They were eventually completely abandoned.


The nuraghe and the village were strategically connected to the system of other Nuraghes, such as the polylobate nuraghe found beneath the fifteenth-century Palazzo Zapata in the village of Barumini.



Archaeological excavations


The archaeological site was fully excavated between 1950 and 1957 under the direction of Giovanni Lilliu, a local expert. The excavations allowed archaeologists to retrace the different stages of the construction of the towers and surrounding village, confirming that the entire complex was a vibrant, vital centre up to the first century BCE, during the Roman period.


Excavations brought to light important remains in the form of tools, weapons, pottery, and ornaments.


This site is essential to an understanding of the timeline of Sardinian civilization: "The relative chronology of Sardinian prehistory is largely based on the first modern excavation of a 'nuraghe' at Su Nuraxi, Barumini. Giovanni Lilliu […] used a combination of structural phases and pottery typology to construct a general Nuragic sequence."[3]


There is another important nuragic site at nearby Casa Zapata, the important finds of which are on display at the site's museum.



  • Nuraghe Su Nuraxi - Barumini - Sardinia - Italy - 07.jpg





  • Site nuragique de Barumini Su Nuraxi en Sardaigne, Italie -032.JPG





  • Site nuragique de Barumini Su Nuraxi en Sardaigne, Italie -035.JPG







  • Su Nuraxi, seen on the way from the central tower to the east tower.







  • Su Nuraxi. Inside the central tower.





Bibliography



  • Dyson Stephen L., Rowland Robert J. (2007). Shepherds, sailors, & conquerors - Archeology and History in Sardinia from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archeology and Anthropology. ISBN 978-1-934536-02-5..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

  • Sardegna Cultura -- Barumini, Complesso di Su Nuraxi

  • Giovanni Lilliu and Raimondo Zucca, Su Nuraxi di Barumini. Sassari, Carlo Delfino, 2001.


References




  1. ^ http://www.persee.fr/doc/efr_0000-0000_1983_act_67_1_2467


  2. ^ http://eprints.uniss.it/5533/1/Moravetti_A_Preistoria_dal_paleolitico_all.pdf


  3. ^ James, Peter; et al (1991). Centuries of Darkness. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 42.




External links


  • Barumini Sistema Cultura Foundation

  • Photo Gallery Nuraghe Su Nuraxi

  • Nuraghi.org - informational page







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