Open access in Germany Contents Journals Repositories Policy Conferences and outreach Timeline See also References Further reading External links Navigation menu"OA in Germany""Members""Germany"10.1045/november2013-vierkant"Openrepositories.org""Berlin Open Access Conference Series""Open-Access-Tage""Core Activities: Scientific publication system""Declarations in support of OA"757073363Open Access"Browse by Country: Germany""Timeline 2006"75707336310.2312/allianzoa.009Implementing Open Access Mandates in Europe: OpenAIRE Study on the Development of Open Access Repository Communities in EuropeGoogle Books10.7717/peerj.2323"Update on Open Access Developments in Germany""Legal Notice"Information, Infrastructure, Involvement: The open access agenda in Germany10.2777/93994"Eberhard Hilf, veteran German OA advocate"2013 version10.5281/zenodo.815932"A bold open-access push in Germany could change the future of academic publishing""Germany""Germany""Across the border: Germany""Browse by Country: Europe: Germany""(Search: Country of Publisher: Germany)""(Germany)"1040261573"Our members: Germany"ee

Gratis versus libreSubscription business modelPaywallCopyright transfer agreementAcademic journalScientific journalManuscriptPreprintArticle processing chargePredatory publishingOpen access journalopen accessSelf-archivingFree to readOpen-access policyMandateOpen access repositoryHybrid open access journalDelayed open access journalAccess to knowledge movementAccess2ResearchBy locationSouth AfricaCanadaIndiaFranceGermanySpainAustraliaList of open-access journalsList of open access projectsList of repositoriesPublic Knowledge ProjectThe Cost of KnowledgeTimeline


Academia in GermanyCommunications in GermanyOpen access by countryScience and technology in Germany


Open accessGermanyBeilstein-InstitutCopernicus PublicationsDe GruyterKnowledge UnlatchedLeibniz Institute for Psychology InformationScienceOpenSpringer NatureUniversitätsverlag GöttingenOpen Access Scholarly Publishers AssociationOpen access journalsDigital Peer PublishingGerman Medical ScienceLiving Reviewsopen access repositoriesfree to readDirectory of Open Access RepositoriesOpen Archives InitiativeDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und RaumfahrtZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum WirtschaftEconStorUniversität BielefeldAlfred-Wegener-InstitutLänderBerlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and HumanitiesBerlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and HumanitiesDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftDeutsche Initiative für NetzwerkinformationFraunhofer SocietyGerman Rectors' ConferenceMax Planck SocietyFederal Ministry of Education and Researchinitial Berlin conference in 2003Allianz der Wissenschaftsorganisationendigital publishingarticle processing charges






Growth of open access publications in Germany, 1990-2018


Open access to scholarly communication in Germany has evolved rapidly since the early 2000s.[1] Publishers Beilstein-Institut, Copernicus Publications, De Gruyter, Knowledge Unlatched, Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information, ScienceOpen, Springer Nature, and Universitätsverlag Göttingen [de] belong to the international Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association.[2]




Contents





  • 1 Journals


  • 2 Repositories


  • 3 Policy


  • 4 Conferences and outreach


  • 5 Timeline


  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading


  • 9 External links




Journals


Open access journals can be found on digital platforms such as Copernicus Publications (headquartered in Göttingen), Digital Peer Publishing [de], German Medical Science [de], and Living Reviews.[1]



Repositories




Number of open access publications in various German repositories, 2018


There are a number of collections of scholarship in Germany housed in digital open access repositories.[3] They contain journal articles, book chapters, data, and other research outputs that are free to read. As of March 2018 some 161 institutions in Germany maintain repositories, according to the UK-based Directory of Open Access Repositories.[3]


Listings of German repositories can be found in the Germany-based registries Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE) and Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation (DINI), and in international registries Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR), Registry of Open Access Repositories (ROAR), and Open Archives Initiative's OAI-PMH Registered Data Providers.[4] Experts consider BASE the most comprehensive registry for Germany.[4]


In 2012, German repositories with the highest number of digital assets were Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt's elib (46,136 items); ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft's EconStor (45,268 items); German Medical Science (41,753 items); Universität Bielefeld's PUB (32,695 items); and Alfred-Wegener-Institut's ePIC (29,480 items).[4] "Most of Germany's open access repositories can be found in the most heavily populated Länder: North Rhine-Westphalia (27), Baden-Württemberg (28) and Bavaria (22)."[4]


The upcoming 2019 "International Conference on Open Repositories" will be held in Hamburg.[5]



Policy


All major German research institutions have signed the 2003 Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, including the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation [de], Fraunhofer Society, German Rectors' Conference, and Max Planck Society.


"The Federal Ministry of Education and Research released its open access strategy paper entitled "Open Access in Germany" on September 20, 2016 which contains a clear commitment to the principles of open access and open science.[1]



Conferences and outreach


Since the initial Berlin conference in 2003, follow-up conferences occur every year, often in Germany.[6]


"Open-Access-Tage" (Open Access Days) have occurred annually since 2007 in various German-speaking locales, including Berlin, Dresden, Göttingen, Hamburg, Köln, Konstanz, Munich, Regensburg.[7] The 2018 event will be held in Graz, Austria.


In 2007 several German institutions launched the general information website, "Open-access.net". The Allianz der Wissenschaftsorganisationen [de] in 2008 initiated an effort to expand open access in order to "exhaust the potential of digital publishing."[8]


Bielefeld University Library hosts the "Transparent Infrastructure for Article Charges" project, which covers article processing charges for publications of Germany and elsewhere. The project began around 2014.



Timeline


Key events in the development of open access in Germany include the following:


  • 2001
    • 16 March: German Wikipedia, a German-language open educational resource, begins publication.

  • 2003
    • Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities issued.

  • 2004
    • Bielefeld Academic Search Engine launched.


    • Aktionsbündnis Urheberrecht für Bildung und Wissenschaft [de] (Coalition for Action "Copyright for Education and Research") formed.[9]


  • 2005
    • Bielefeld University begins its open access policy encouraging deposits in its institutional repository.[10][11]

  • 2006
    • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft adopts open access policy for its grantees.[12]

  • 2007
    • Open-access.net launched.

    • "Open-Access-Tage" (Open Access Days) begin.


  • 2008
    • Allianz der Wissenschaftsorganisationen's Schwerpunktinitiative "Digitale Information" (Priority Initiative "Digital Information") begins.[13]

  • 2010

    • Confederation of Open Access Repositories headquartered in Göttingen.[14]

  • 2011
    • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft begins "to support centrally funded publication fees through its 'Open-Access Publishing' programme."[15]

  • 2012
    • Deutsche Initiative für Netzwerkinformation (DINI) begins.[16]

  • 2013

    • Registry of Research Data Repositories headquartered in Germany.

  • 2014
    • "Transparent Infrastructure for Article Charges" project begins (approximate date).

  • 2015
    • Berlin-based Springer Nature, "the world’s second largest academic publisher," in business. As of 2018 "open-access journals generate roughly 10 per cent of Springer Nature’s research revenues."[17][18]


See also


  • Internet in Germany

  • Education in Germany

  • Media of Germany

  • Copyright law of Germany

  • List of libraries in Germany

  • Science and technology in Germany

  • Open access in other countries


References




  1. ^ abc "OA in Germany". Open Access in Practice: EU Member States. OpenAIRE. Retrieved 12 March 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ "Members", Oaspa.org, The Hague: Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, retrieved 7 April 2018


  3. ^ ab "Germany". Directory of Open Access Repositories. United Kingdom: University of Nottingham. Retrieved 12 March 2018.


  4. ^ abcd Paul Vierkant (2013). "2012 Census of Open Access Repositories in Germany: Turning Perceived Knowledge Into Sound Understanding". D-Lib Magazine. 19 (11/12). doi:10.1045/november2013-vierkant.


  5. ^ "Openrepositories.org". Retrieved 12 March 2018.


  6. ^ "Berlin Open Access Conference Series". Oa2020.org. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library. Retrieved 12 March 2018.


  7. ^ "Open-Access-Tage". Open-access.net (in German). Retrieved 12 March 2018.


  8. ^ "Core Activities: Scientific publication system". Schwerpunktinitiative Digitale Information der Allianz der deutschen Wissenschaftsorganisationen. Retrieved 12 March 2018.


  9. ^ Nancy Pontika (ed.). "Declarations in support of OA". Open Access Directory. United States: Simmons School of Library and Information Science. OCLC 757073363. Retrieved 25 April 2018.


  10. ^ Peter Suber (2012). Open Access. MIT Press. p. 192. ISBN 9780262517638.


  11. ^ "Browse by Country: Germany". ROARMAP: Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies. United Kingdom: University of Southampton. Retrieved 28 April 2018.


  12. ^ Nancy Pontika (ed.). "Timeline 2006". Open Access Directory. United States: Simmons School of Library and Information Science. OCLC 757073363. Retrieved 25 April 2018.


  13. ^ C. Bruch; et al. (2015), Positions on creating an Open Access publication market which is scholarly adequate: Positions of the Ad Hoc Working Group Open Access Gold in the priority initiative "Digital Information" of the Alliance of Science Organisations in Germany, doi:10.2312/allianzoa.009


  14. ^ Birgit Schmidt; Iryna Kuchma (2012). Implementing Open Access Mandates in Europe: OpenAIRE Study on the Development of Open Access Repository Communities in Europe. Universitätsverlag Göttingen. ISBN 978-3-86395-095-8 – via Open Access Publishing in European Networks (OAPEN). (+ via Google Books)


  15. ^ N. Jahn; M. Tullney (2016). "A study of institutional spending on open access publication fees in Germany". PeerJ. 4: e2323. doi:10.7717/peerj.2323.


  16. ^ Birgit Schmidt; Margo Bargheer; Norbert Lossau (2014), "Update on Open Access Developments in Germany", Osinitiative.org, United States


  17. ^ "Springer Nature warns of "free access" threat to revenues", Financial Times, United Kingdom, 26 April 2018


  18. ^ "Legal Notice", Springernature.com, retrieved 28 April 2018



Further reading



  • Johannes Fournier (2007), Information, Infrastructure, Involvement: The open access agenda in Germany (PDF), Berlin 5 Open Access: From Practice to Impact, Padova


  • European Commission; German Commission for UNESCO (2008), Open Access: Opportunities and Challenges - a Handbook, doi:10.2777/93994


  • Richard Poynder (2009), "Eberhard Hilf, veteran German OA advocate", Open and Shut?, Open Access Interviews, United Kingdom


  • Thomas Eger; et al. (2015). "Determinants of Open Access Publishing: Survey Evidence from Germany". European Journal of Law and Economics. 39. (2013 version Free to read)


  • Eelco Ferwerda; Frances Pinter; Niels Stern (2017), "Country Study: Germany", Landscape Study on Open Access and Monographs: Policies, Funding and Publishing in Eight European Countries, Knowledge Exchange, doi:10.5281/zenodo.815932


  • "A bold open-access push in Germany could change the future of academic publishing", Sciencemag.org, 2017


  • Walt Crawford (2018). "Germany". Gold Open Access by Country 2012-2017. United States: Cites & Insights Books.
    Free to read


External links



  • "Germany". Global Open Access Portal. UNESCO.


  • "Across the border: Germany". Openaccess.nl.


  • "Browse by Country: Europe: Germany". Registry of Open Access Repositories. United Kingdom.


  • "(Search: Country of Publisher: Germany)". Directory of Open Access Journals. United Kingdom: Infrastructure Services for Open Access.


  • Peter Suber (ed.). "(Germany)". Open Access Tracking Project. Harvard University. OCLC 1040261573. News and comment from the worldwide movement for open access to research


  • "Our members: Germany". Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition. SPARC Europe.








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