What is the Puiseux series of the Bessel function $J_n(n)$? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)Show that Bessel function $J_n(x)$ satisfies Bessel's differential equation.What is the Fourier series of $e^mucostheta$?Integral equal to 0'th Bessel functionProve a certain integral expression of Bessel type for the Bessel function of the first kindContour integration of the bessel functionShow the equivalence of two infinite series over Bessel functionsSimpler proof of an integral representation of Bessel function of the first kind $J_n(x)$Expansion of some singular kernel with the help of Bessel and Neumann spherical harmonic functionsThe Bessel function and finding expressionBessel function limit
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What is the Puiseux series of the Bessel function $J_n(n)$?
Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)Show that Bessel function $J_n(x)$ satisfies Bessel's differential equation.What is the Fourier series of $e^mucostheta$?Integral equal to 0'th Bessel functionProve a certain integral expression of Bessel type for the Bessel function of the first kindContour integration of the bessel functionShow the equivalence of two infinite series over Bessel functionsSimpler proof of an integral representation of Bessel function of the first kind $J_n(x)$Expansion of some singular kernel with the help of Bessel and Neumann spherical harmonic functionsThe Bessel function and finding expressionBessel function limit
$begingroup$
By numerical experimentation I find the first three terms of the Puiseux series of the Bessel function of the first kind
$$
J_n(n) =
fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot 3^1/6 cdot pin^-1/3
- frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)n^-5/3
- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pin^-7/3
+mathcalO(n^-11/3)
$$
How does this series continue?
See also this application.
How I got this far
first term
For the first term, start with the integral representation
$$
J_n(n) = frac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[n(sin(theta)-theta)]
$$
For $ntoinfty$ the only significant contributions to this integral come from values of $theta$ that are close to zero. Therefore we approximate $sin(theta)-thetaapprox-theta^3/6$ and find
$$
lim_ntoinfty n^1/3cdotfrac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[-ntheta^3/6] = fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot3^1/6cdotpi
$$
In Mathematica:
Limit[1/(2π) Integrate[Cos[n (-(θ^3/6))], θ, -π, π]*n^(1/3), n -> ∞]
Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3) 3^(1/6) π)
second term
In Mathematica, define the Bessel function and its one-term approximation, as well as their numerical difference evaluated to 1000 digits:
b[n_] = BesselJ[n, n];
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3);
B[n_] := N[b[n] - ba[n], 10^3]
Calculate how the numerical difference behaves for large $n$ (after multiplying it by $n^5/3$):
ListLinePlot[T = Table[B[n]*n^(5/3), n, 10^Range[2, 5, 1/4]]]
and find the approximate numerical value of the limit as $ntoinfty$:
NumericalMath`NSequenceLimit[T]
-0.00586928848357833870
Then use AskConstants to find that this number is probably equal to $-frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)$.
third term
Same procedure as second term, but with the better approximation
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3) -
1/(35*6^(1/3)*Gamma[1/3])*n^(-5/3);
and multiplying the difference B[n]
by $n^7/3$ before taking the numerical limit $ntoinfty$. The result is $-0.0019880325262065435671$, which AskConstants thinks is equal to $- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pi$.
higher-order terms
The above recipe can be continued to higher-order terms, but I lose confidence in the capabilities of AskConstants. The fourth term is $+0.00048679979012516409164$, which may be
$$
+frac1213511875cdot6^1/3cdot Gamma(frac13)n^-11/3
$$
but such large rationals don't inspire confidence.
special-functions laurent-series bessel-functions
$endgroup$
|
show 5 more comments
$begingroup$
By numerical experimentation I find the first three terms of the Puiseux series of the Bessel function of the first kind
$$
J_n(n) =
fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot 3^1/6 cdot pin^-1/3
- frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)n^-5/3
- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pin^-7/3
+mathcalO(n^-11/3)
$$
How does this series continue?
See also this application.
How I got this far
first term
For the first term, start with the integral representation
$$
J_n(n) = frac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[n(sin(theta)-theta)]
$$
For $ntoinfty$ the only significant contributions to this integral come from values of $theta$ that are close to zero. Therefore we approximate $sin(theta)-thetaapprox-theta^3/6$ and find
$$
lim_ntoinfty n^1/3cdotfrac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[-ntheta^3/6] = fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot3^1/6cdotpi
$$
In Mathematica:
Limit[1/(2π) Integrate[Cos[n (-(θ^3/6))], θ, -π, π]*n^(1/3), n -> ∞]
Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3) 3^(1/6) π)
second term
In Mathematica, define the Bessel function and its one-term approximation, as well as their numerical difference evaluated to 1000 digits:
b[n_] = BesselJ[n, n];
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3);
B[n_] := N[b[n] - ba[n], 10^3]
Calculate how the numerical difference behaves for large $n$ (after multiplying it by $n^5/3$):
ListLinePlot[T = Table[B[n]*n^(5/3), n, 10^Range[2, 5, 1/4]]]
and find the approximate numerical value of the limit as $ntoinfty$:
NumericalMath`NSequenceLimit[T]
-0.00586928848357833870
Then use AskConstants to find that this number is probably equal to $-frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)$.
third term
Same procedure as second term, but with the better approximation
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3) -
1/(35*6^(1/3)*Gamma[1/3])*n^(-5/3);
and multiplying the difference B[n]
by $n^7/3$ before taking the numerical limit $ntoinfty$. The result is $-0.0019880325262065435671$, which AskConstants thinks is equal to $- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pi$.
higher-order terms
The above recipe can be continued to higher-order terms, but I lose confidence in the capabilities of AskConstants. The fourth term is $+0.00048679979012516409164$, which may be
$$
+frac1213511875cdot6^1/3cdot Gamma(frac13)n^-11/3
$$
but such large rationals don't inspire confidence.
special-functions laurent-series bessel-functions
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
Nitpick: this is not a Laurent series, it's a Puiseux series
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 26 at 8:46
$begingroup$
Thanks @Wojowu, edited & learned something.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 8:49
$begingroup$
I don't know what has been your process (I really would like to know) but this is beautiful.
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Mar 26 at 9:07
1
$begingroup$
Have you seen this?
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:25
1
$begingroup$
Yes, Watson indeed has it; the formula is attributed to Meissel.
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:51
|
show 5 more comments
$begingroup$
By numerical experimentation I find the first three terms of the Puiseux series of the Bessel function of the first kind
$$
J_n(n) =
fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot 3^1/6 cdot pin^-1/3
- frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)n^-5/3
- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pin^-7/3
+mathcalO(n^-11/3)
$$
How does this series continue?
See also this application.
How I got this far
first term
For the first term, start with the integral representation
$$
J_n(n) = frac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[n(sin(theta)-theta)]
$$
For $ntoinfty$ the only significant contributions to this integral come from values of $theta$ that are close to zero. Therefore we approximate $sin(theta)-thetaapprox-theta^3/6$ and find
$$
lim_ntoinfty n^1/3cdotfrac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[-ntheta^3/6] = fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot3^1/6cdotpi
$$
In Mathematica:
Limit[1/(2π) Integrate[Cos[n (-(θ^3/6))], θ, -π, π]*n^(1/3), n -> ∞]
Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3) 3^(1/6) π)
second term
In Mathematica, define the Bessel function and its one-term approximation, as well as their numerical difference evaluated to 1000 digits:
b[n_] = BesselJ[n, n];
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3);
B[n_] := N[b[n] - ba[n], 10^3]
Calculate how the numerical difference behaves for large $n$ (after multiplying it by $n^5/3$):
ListLinePlot[T = Table[B[n]*n^(5/3), n, 10^Range[2, 5, 1/4]]]
and find the approximate numerical value of the limit as $ntoinfty$:
NumericalMath`NSequenceLimit[T]
-0.00586928848357833870
Then use AskConstants to find that this number is probably equal to $-frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)$.
third term
Same procedure as second term, but with the better approximation
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3) -
1/(35*6^(1/3)*Gamma[1/3])*n^(-5/3);
and multiplying the difference B[n]
by $n^7/3$ before taking the numerical limit $ntoinfty$. The result is $-0.0019880325262065435671$, which AskConstants thinks is equal to $- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pi$.
higher-order terms
The above recipe can be continued to higher-order terms, but I lose confidence in the capabilities of AskConstants. The fourth term is $+0.00048679979012516409164$, which may be
$$
+frac1213511875cdot6^1/3cdot Gamma(frac13)n^-11/3
$$
but such large rationals don't inspire confidence.
special-functions laurent-series bessel-functions
$endgroup$
By numerical experimentation I find the first three terms of the Puiseux series of the Bessel function of the first kind
$$
J_n(n) =
fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot 3^1/6 cdot pin^-1/3
- frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)n^-5/3
- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pin^-7/3
+mathcalO(n^-11/3)
$$
How does this series continue?
See also this application.
How I got this far
first term
For the first term, start with the integral representation
$$
J_n(n) = frac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[n(sin(theta)-theta)]
$$
For $ntoinfty$ the only significant contributions to this integral come from values of $theta$ that are close to zero. Therefore we approximate $sin(theta)-thetaapprox-theta^3/6$ and find
$$
lim_ntoinfty n^1/3cdotfrac12piint_-pi^pi dtheta cos[-ntheta^3/6] = fracGamma(frac13)2^2/3cdot3^1/6cdotpi
$$
In Mathematica:
Limit[1/(2π) Integrate[Cos[n (-(θ^3/6))], θ, -π, π]*n^(1/3), n -> ∞]
Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3) 3^(1/6) π)
second term
In Mathematica, define the Bessel function and its one-term approximation, as well as their numerical difference evaluated to 1000 digits:
b[n_] = BesselJ[n, n];
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3);
B[n_] := N[b[n] - ba[n], 10^3]
Calculate how the numerical difference behaves for large $n$ (after multiplying it by $n^5/3$):
ListLinePlot[T = Table[B[n]*n^(5/3), n, 10^Range[2, 5, 1/4]]]
and find the approximate numerical value of the limit as $ntoinfty$:
NumericalMath`NSequenceLimit[T]
-0.00586928848357833870
Then use AskConstants to find that this number is probably equal to $-frac135cdot 6^1/3cdotGamma(frac13)$.
third term
Same procedure as second term, but with the better approximation
ba[n_] = Gamma[1/3]/(2^(2/3)*3^(1/6)*π)*n^(-1/3) -
1/(35*6^(1/3)*Gamma[1/3])*n^(-5/3);
and multiplying the difference B[n]
by $n^7/3$ before taking the numerical limit $ntoinfty$. The result is $-0.0019880325262065435671$, which AskConstants thinks is equal to $- fracGamma(frac13)225 cdot 2^2/3cdot 3^1/6cdot pi$.
higher-order terms
The above recipe can be continued to higher-order terms, but I lose confidence in the capabilities of AskConstants. The fourth term is $+0.00048679979012516409164$, which may be
$$
+frac1213511875cdot6^1/3cdot Gamma(frac13)n^-11/3
$$
but such large rationals don't inspire confidence.
special-functions laurent-series bessel-functions
special-functions laurent-series bessel-functions
edited Mar 26 at 11:17
Roman
asked Mar 26 at 8:31
RomanRoman
2188
2188
1
$begingroup$
Nitpick: this is not a Laurent series, it's a Puiseux series
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 26 at 8:46
$begingroup$
Thanks @Wojowu, edited & learned something.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 8:49
$begingroup$
I don't know what has been your process (I really would like to know) but this is beautiful.
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Mar 26 at 9:07
1
$begingroup$
Have you seen this?
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:25
1
$begingroup$
Yes, Watson indeed has it; the formula is attributed to Meissel.
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:51
|
show 5 more comments
1
$begingroup$
Nitpick: this is not a Laurent series, it's a Puiseux series
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 26 at 8:46
$begingroup$
Thanks @Wojowu, edited & learned something.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 8:49
$begingroup$
I don't know what has been your process (I really would like to know) but this is beautiful.
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Mar 26 at 9:07
1
$begingroup$
Have you seen this?
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:25
1
$begingroup$
Yes, Watson indeed has it; the formula is attributed to Meissel.
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:51
1
1
$begingroup$
Nitpick: this is not a Laurent series, it's a Puiseux series
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 26 at 8:46
$begingroup$
Nitpick: this is not a Laurent series, it's a Puiseux series
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 26 at 8:46
$begingroup$
Thanks @Wojowu, edited & learned something.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 8:49
$begingroup$
Thanks @Wojowu, edited & learned something.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 8:49
$begingroup$
I don't know what has been your process (I really would like to know) but this is beautiful.
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Mar 26 at 9:07
$begingroup$
I don't know what has been your process (I really would like to know) but this is beautiful.
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Mar 26 at 9:07
1
1
$begingroup$
Have you seen this?
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:25
$begingroup$
Have you seen this?
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:25
1
1
$begingroup$
Yes, Watson indeed has it; the formula is attributed to Meissel.
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:51
$begingroup$
Yes, Watson indeed has it; the formula is attributed to Meissel.
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:51
|
show 5 more comments
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
The answer is given by Ernst Meissel in this 1891 paper (in German):
$$
J_n(n) = frac1pi
sum_m=0^infty
lambda_m cdot
Gammaleft(frac2m+43right)
cdot left(frac6nright)^frac2m+13
cdot cosleft(frac2m+16piright)
$$
The coefficients $lambda_m$ describe the Taylor series of the solution $u(x)=sum_m=0^infty lambda_m x^2m+1$ of the transcendental equation $u-sin(u)=x^3/6$ around $x=0$. Term-by-term comparison gives
$$
lambda_0=1\
lambda_1=frac160\
lambda_2=frac11400\
lambda_3=frac125200\
lambda_4=frac4317248000\
lambda_5=frac12137207200000\
lambda_6=frac15143912713500800000\
lambda_7=frac3322738118080000000\
lambda_8=frac16542537833252957982717440000000\
lambda_9=frac887278009177399104762880000000\
lambda_10=frac1523380122455939217856135377920000000000\
ldots
$$
These coefficients can be calculated efficiently with the Mathematica code
λ[0] = 1;
λ[m_Integer /; m >= 1] := λ[m] = Module[Λ, u, x,
u = Sum[λ[j] x^(2 j + 1), j, 0, m - 1] + Λ x^(2 m + 1);
Λ /. First[Solve[SeriesCoefficient[u - Sin[u], x, 0, 2 m + 3] == 0, Λ]]]
Or all at once by series inversion (thanks to J.M.): calculate $lambda_0ldotslambda_n$ with
With[n = 5,
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u-Sin[u], u,0,2n+3]], x^3/6 + O[x]^(2n+5)]]
$$
x+fracx^360+fracx^51400+fracx^725200+frac43 x^917248000+frac1213x^117207200000+mathcalO(x^12)
$$
Thanks to J.M. who pointed out Meissel's paper to me.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to makeInverseSeries
work on this case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
add a comment |
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1 Answer
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active
oldest
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1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
The answer is given by Ernst Meissel in this 1891 paper (in German):
$$
J_n(n) = frac1pi
sum_m=0^infty
lambda_m cdot
Gammaleft(frac2m+43right)
cdot left(frac6nright)^frac2m+13
cdot cosleft(frac2m+16piright)
$$
The coefficients $lambda_m$ describe the Taylor series of the solution $u(x)=sum_m=0^infty lambda_m x^2m+1$ of the transcendental equation $u-sin(u)=x^3/6$ around $x=0$. Term-by-term comparison gives
$$
lambda_0=1\
lambda_1=frac160\
lambda_2=frac11400\
lambda_3=frac125200\
lambda_4=frac4317248000\
lambda_5=frac12137207200000\
lambda_6=frac15143912713500800000\
lambda_7=frac3322738118080000000\
lambda_8=frac16542537833252957982717440000000\
lambda_9=frac887278009177399104762880000000\
lambda_10=frac1523380122455939217856135377920000000000\
ldots
$$
These coefficients can be calculated efficiently with the Mathematica code
λ[0] = 1;
λ[m_Integer /; m >= 1] := λ[m] = Module[Λ, u, x,
u = Sum[λ[j] x^(2 j + 1), j, 0, m - 1] + Λ x^(2 m + 1);
Λ /. First[Solve[SeriesCoefficient[u - Sin[u], x, 0, 2 m + 3] == 0, Λ]]]
Or all at once by series inversion (thanks to J.M.): calculate $lambda_0ldotslambda_n$ with
With[n = 5,
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u-Sin[u], u,0,2n+3]], x^3/6 + O[x]^(2n+5)]]
$$
x+fracx^360+fracx^51400+fracx^725200+frac43 x^917248000+frac1213x^117207200000+mathcalO(x^12)
$$
Thanks to J.M. who pointed out Meissel's paper to me.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to makeInverseSeries
work on this case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The answer is given by Ernst Meissel in this 1891 paper (in German):
$$
J_n(n) = frac1pi
sum_m=0^infty
lambda_m cdot
Gammaleft(frac2m+43right)
cdot left(frac6nright)^frac2m+13
cdot cosleft(frac2m+16piright)
$$
The coefficients $lambda_m$ describe the Taylor series of the solution $u(x)=sum_m=0^infty lambda_m x^2m+1$ of the transcendental equation $u-sin(u)=x^3/6$ around $x=0$. Term-by-term comparison gives
$$
lambda_0=1\
lambda_1=frac160\
lambda_2=frac11400\
lambda_3=frac125200\
lambda_4=frac4317248000\
lambda_5=frac12137207200000\
lambda_6=frac15143912713500800000\
lambda_7=frac3322738118080000000\
lambda_8=frac16542537833252957982717440000000\
lambda_9=frac887278009177399104762880000000\
lambda_10=frac1523380122455939217856135377920000000000\
ldots
$$
These coefficients can be calculated efficiently with the Mathematica code
λ[0] = 1;
λ[m_Integer /; m >= 1] := λ[m] = Module[Λ, u, x,
u = Sum[λ[j] x^(2 j + 1), j, 0, m - 1] + Λ x^(2 m + 1);
Λ /. First[Solve[SeriesCoefficient[u - Sin[u], x, 0, 2 m + 3] == 0, Λ]]]
Or all at once by series inversion (thanks to J.M.): calculate $lambda_0ldotslambda_n$ with
With[n = 5,
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u-Sin[u], u,0,2n+3]], x^3/6 + O[x]^(2n+5)]]
$$
x+fracx^360+fracx^51400+fracx^725200+frac43 x^917248000+frac1213x^117207200000+mathcalO(x^12)
$$
Thanks to J.M. who pointed out Meissel's paper to me.
$endgroup$
1
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to makeInverseSeries
work on this case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
add a comment |
$begingroup$
The answer is given by Ernst Meissel in this 1891 paper (in German):
$$
J_n(n) = frac1pi
sum_m=0^infty
lambda_m cdot
Gammaleft(frac2m+43right)
cdot left(frac6nright)^frac2m+13
cdot cosleft(frac2m+16piright)
$$
The coefficients $lambda_m$ describe the Taylor series of the solution $u(x)=sum_m=0^infty lambda_m x^2m+1$ of the transcendental equation $u-sin(u)=x^3/6$ around $x=0$. Term-by-term comparison gives
$$
lambda_0=1\
lambda_1=frac160\
lambda_2=frac11400\
lambda_3=frac125200\
lambda_4=frac4317248000\
lambda_5=frac12137207200000\
lambda_6=frac15143912713500800000\
lambda_7=frac3322738118080000000\
lambda_8=frac16542537833252957982717440000000\
lambda_9=frac887278009177399104762880000000\
lambda_10=frac1523380122455939217856135377920000000000\
ldots
$$
These coefficients can be calculated efficiently with the Mathematica code
λ[0] = 1;
λ[m_Integer /; m >= 1] := λ[m] = Module[Λ, u, x,
u = Sum[λ[j] x^(2 j + 1), j, 0, m - 1] + Λ x^(2 m + 1);
Λ /. First[Solve[SeriesCoefficient[u - Sin[u], x, 0, 2 m + 3] == 0, Λ]]]
Or all at once by series inversion (thanks to J.M.): calculate $lambda_0ldotslambda_n$ with
With[n = 5,
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u-Sin[u], u,0,2n+3]], x^3/6 + O[x]^(2n+5)]]
$$
x+fracx^360+fracx^51400+fracx^725200+frac43 x^917248000+frac1213x^117207200000+mathcalO(x^12)
$$
Thanks to J.M. who pointed out Meissel's paper to me.
$endgroup$
The answer is given by Ernst Meissel in this 1891 paper (in German):
$$
J_n(n) = frac1pi
sum_m=0^infty
lambda_m cdot
Gammaleft(frac2m+43right)
cdot left(frac6nright)^frac2m+13
cdot cosleft(frac2m+16piright)
$$
The coefficients $lambda_m$ describe the Taylor series of the solution $u(x)=sum_m=0^infty lambda_m x^2m+1$ of the transcendental equation $u-sin(u)=x^3/6$ around $x=0$. Term-by-term comparison gives
$$
lambda_0=1\
lambda_1=frac160\
lambda_2=frac11400\
lambda_3=frac125200\
lambda_4=frac4317248000\
lambda_5=frac12137207200000\
lambda_6=frac15143912713500800000\
lambda_7=frac3322738118080000000\
lambda_8=frac16542537833252957982717440000000\
lambda_9=frac887278009177399104762880000000\
lambda_10=frac1523380122455939217856135377920000000000\
ldots
$$
These coefficients can be calculated efficiently with the Mathematica code
λ[0] = 1;
λ[m_Integer /; m >= 1] := λ[m] = Module[Λ, u, x,
u = Sum[λ[j] x^(2 j + 1), j, 0, m - 1] + Λ x^(2 m + 1);
Λ /. First[Solve[SeriesCoefficient[u - Sin[u], x, 0, 2 m + 3] == 0, Λ]]]
Or all at once by series inversion (thanks to J.M.): calculate $lambda_0ldotslambda_n$ with
With[n = 5,
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u-Sin[u], u,0,2n+3]], x^3/6 + O[x]^(2n+5)]]
$$
x+fracx^360+fracx^51400+fracx^725200+frac43 x^917248000+frac1213x^117207200000+mathcalO(x^12)
$$
Thanks to J.M. who pointed out Meissel's paper to me.
edited Mar 27 at 10:51
answered Mar 26 at 13:43
RomanRoman
2188
2188
1
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to makeInverseSeries
work on this case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
add a comment |
1
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to makeInverseSeries
work on this case.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
1
1
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
If you need a whole pile at once:
ComposeSeries[InverseSeries[Series[u - Sin[u], u, 0, 25]], x^3/6 + O[x]^25]
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 14:19
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to make
InverseSeries
work on this case.$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
$begingroup$
Thanks @J.M.isnotamathematician , I was wondering how to make
InverseSeries
work on this case.$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 14:35
add a comment |
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$begingroup$
Nitpick: this is not a Laurent series, it's a Puiseux series
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 26 at 8:46
$begingroup$
Thanks @Wojowu, edited & learned something.
$endgroup$
– Roman
Mar 26 at 8:49
$begingroup$
I don't know what has been your process (I really would like to know) but this is beautiful.
$endgroup$
– Claude Leibovici
Mar 26 at 9:07
1
$begingroup$
Have you seen this?
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:25
1
$begingroup$
Yes, Watson indeed has it; the formula is attributed to Meissel.
$endgroup$
– J. M. is a poor mathematician
Mar 26 at 11:51