What is the environment for cron? Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern) Congratulation Joan for 50k!Default shell for cron issueWhere do Cron error message go?Addition to cron is not executedRun transmission through cronCron running 2hrs earlyifconfig don't work with cronCron for Raspberry PiCron not call sh scriptRaspberry Cron don't workCron doesnt run specific .py file

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What is the environment for cron?



Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)
Congratulation Joan for 50k!Default shell for cron issueWhere do Cron error message go?Addition to cron is not executedRun transmission through cronCron running 2hrs earlyifconfig don't work with cronCron for Raspberry PiCron not call sh scriptRaspberry Cron don't workCron doesnt run specific .py file



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0















When issues arise using cron to schedule events, a frequently-heard explanation is that cron runs with a different set of environment variables than a "normal" user (e.g. pi). That's all well and good, but what is the environment for the cron user? If one is to avoid errors due to an incorrect environment when using cron, it would be useful to know what that environment is.










share|improve this question




























    0















    When issues arise using cron to schedule events, a frequently-heard explanation is that cron runs with a different set of environment variables than a "normal" user (e.g. pi). That's all well and good, but what is the environment for the cron user? If one is to avoid errors due to an incorrect environment when using cron, it would be useful to know what that environment is.










    share|improve this question
























      0












      0








      0








      When issues arise using cron to schedule events, a frequently-heard explanation is that cron runs with a different set of environment variables than a "normal" user (e.g. pi). That's all well and good, but what is the environment for the cron user? If one is to avoid errors due to an incorrect environment when using cron, it would be useful to know what that environment is.










      share|improve this question














      When issues arise using cron to schedule events, a frequently-heard explanation is that cron runs with a different set of environment variables than a "normal" user (e.g. pi). That's all well and good, but what is the environment for the cron user? If one is to avoid errors due to an incorrect environment when using cron, it would be useful to know what that environment is.







      cron






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked Mar 26 at 4:36









      SeamusSeamus

      3,0971322




      3,0971322




















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          4














          We can ask cron to tell us what its environment is.



          • Create a shell script in your home directory (~/) as follows (or with the editor of your choice):

          $ nano ~/envtst.sh


          • Enter/C+P the following in the editor:

          #!/bin/sh 
          echo "env report follows for user "$USER >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          env >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo "env report for user "$USER" concluded" >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo " " >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out


          • Save the file and exit the editor; then set the file permissions as executable, and open your crontab for editing:

          $ chmod a+rx ~/envtst.sh
          $ crontab -e


          • Enter the following line at the bottom of your crontab:

          * * * * * /home/pi/envtst.sh >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.err 2>&1


          • Save and exit your crontab. Use tail to view the output & (hopefully) observe the environment for cron. If there's nothing in the file after a minute, view the file ~/envtst.sh.err for error messages, and adjust as required. (NOTE: If you want to clear all prior error messages after troubleshooting: $ > ~/envtst.sh.err )

          crontab: installing new crontab
          $ tail -f ~/envtst.sh.out
          env report follows for user
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
          LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
          SHELL=/bin/sh
          PWD=/home/pi
          env report for user concluded



          This will repeat every minute, so enter ^C to stop the tail listing, edit your crontab again to "comment out" (or delete) the line just added. Save and exit the editor.



          • Note in the tail output above that cron has a rather sparse environment; only six (6) variables are used to define it. Note the PATH consists of only two directories. This is why your crontab entry fails if, for example, you're trying to launch a Python script that resides in your home directory. Note also that the user name (aka LOGNAME iaw System V) isn't cron - it's pi!


          • If you're not familiar, with your own user environment, it's useful to compare it against the cron environment. We'll use the same shell script to add that to the "output" file ~/envtst.sh.out:


          $ ~/envtst.sh 
          $


          • To view the output, open ~/envtst.sh.outin your editor, or cat ~/envtst.sh.out to see it in your terminal. It will likely be a fairly extensive output; 30 lines of text, more or less. Note in particular the following lines (assuming you've run this as user pi) :

          USER=pi
          ...
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          _=/home/pi/envtst.sh
          ...
          PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
          ...
          SHELL=/bin/bash


          • You'll notice numerous differences in the two environments. This will help create rational cron jobs, and help troubleshooting when they don't behave as you'd like.





          share|improve this answer

























          • Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

            – Mark Smith
            Mar 26 at 7:22











          • @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:17











          • @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:21











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          1 Answer
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          active

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          active

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          4














          We can ask cron to tell us what its environment is.



          • Create a shell script in your home directory (~/) as follows (or with the editor of your choice):

          $ nano ~/envtst.sh


          • Enter/C+P the following in the editor:

          #!/bin/sh 
          echo "env report follows for user "$USER >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          env >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo "env report for user "$USER" concluded" >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo " " >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out


          • Save the file and exit the editor; then set the file permissions as executable, and open your crontab for editing:

          $ chmod a+rx ~/envtst.sh
          $ crontab -e


          • Enter the following line at the bottom of your crontab:

          * * * * * /home/pi/envtst.sh >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.err 2>&1


          • Save and exit your crontab. Use tail to view the output & (hopefully) observe the environment for cron. If there's nothing in the file after a minute, view the file ~/envtst.sh.err for error messages, and adjust as required. (NOTE: If you want to clear all prior error messages after troubleshooting: $ > ~/envtst.sh.err )

          crontab: installing new crontab
          $ tail -f ~/envtst.sh.out
          env report follows for user
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
          LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
          SHELL=/bin/sh
          PWD=/home/pi
          env report for user concluded



          This will repeat every minute, so enter ^C to stop the tail listing, edit your crontab again to "comment out" (or delete) the line just added. Save and exit the editor.



          • Note in the tail output above that cron has a rather sparse environment; only six (6) variables are used to define it. Note the PATH consists of only two directories. This is why your crontab entry fails if, for example, you're trying to launch a Python script that resides in your home directory. Note also that the user name (aka LOGNAME iaw System V) isn't cron - it's pi!


          • If you're not familiar, with your own user environment, it's useful to compare it against the cron environment. We'll use the same shell script to add that to the "output" file ~/envtst.sh.out:


          $ ~/envtst.sh 
          $


          • To view the output, open ~/envtst.sh.outin your editor, or cat ~/envtst.sh.out to see it in your terminal. It will likely be a fairly extensive output; 30 lines of text, more or less. Note in particular the following lines (assuming you've run this as user pi) :

          USER=pi
          ...
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          _=/home/pi/envtst.sh
          ...
          PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
          ...
          SHELL=/bin/bash


          • You'll notice numerous differences in the two environments. This will help create rational cron jobs, and help troubleshooting when they don't behave as you'd like.





          share|improve this answer

























          • Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

            – Mark Smith
            Mar 26 at 7:22











          • @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:17











          • @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:21















          4














          We can ask cron to tell us what its environment is.



          • Create a shell script in your home directory (~/) as follows (or with the editor of your choice):

          $ nano ~/envtst.sh


          • Enter/C+P the following in the editor:

          #!/bin/sh 
          echo "env report follows for user "$USER >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          env >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo "env report for user "$USER" concluded" >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo " " >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out


          • Save the file and exit the editor; then set the file permissions as executable, and open your crontab for editing:

          $ chmod a+rx ~/envtst.sh
          $ crontab -e


          • Enter the following line at the bottom of your crontab:

          * * * * * /home/pi/envtst.sh >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.err 2>&1


          • Save and exit your crontab. Use tail to view the output & (hopefully) observe the environment for cron. If there's nothing in the file after a minute, view the file ~/envtst.sh.err for error messages, and adjust as required. (NOTE: If you want to clear all prior error messages after troubleshooting: $ > ~/envtst.sh.err )

          crontab: installing new crontab
          $ tail -f ~/envtst.sh.out
          env report follows for user
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
          LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
          SHELL=/bin/sh
          PWD=/home/pi
          env report for user concluded



          This will repeat every minute, so enter ^C to stop the tail listing, edit your crontab again to "comment out" (or delete) the line just added. Save and exit the editor.



          • Note in the tail output above that cron has a rather sparse environment; only six (6) variables are used to define it. Note the PATH consists of only two directories. This is why your crontab entry fails if, for example, you're trying to launch a Python script that resides in your home directory. Note also that the user name (aka LOGNAME iaw System V) isn't cron - it's pi!


          • If you're not familiar, with your own user environment, it's useful to compare it against the cron environment. We'll use the same shell script to add that to the "output" file ~/envtst.sh.out:


          $ ~/envtst.sh 
          $


          • To view the output, open ~/envtst.sh.outin your editor, or cat ~/envtst.sh.out to see it in your terminal. It will likely be a fairly extensive output; 30 lines of text, more or less. Note in particular the following lines (assuming you've run this as user pi) :

          USER=pi
          ...
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          _=/home/pi/envtst.sh
          ...
          PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
          ...
          SHELL=/bin/bash


          • You'll notice numerous differences in the two environments. This will help create rational cron jobs, and help troubleshooting when they don't behave as you'd like.





          share|improve this answer

























          • Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

            – Mark Smith
            Mar 26 at 7:22











          • @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:17











          • @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:21













          4












          4








          4







          We can ask cron to tell us what its environment is.



          • Create a shell script in your home directory (~/) as follows (or with the editor of your choice):

          $ nano ~/envtst.sh


          • Enter/C+P the following in the editor:

          #!/bin/sh 
          echo "env report follows for user "$USER >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          env >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo "env report for user "$USER" concluded" >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo " " >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out


          • Save the file and exit the editor; then set the file permissions as executable, and open your crontab for editing:

          $ chmod a+rx ~/envtst.sh
          $ crontab -e


          • Enter the following line at the bottom of your crontab:

          * * * * * /home/pi/envtst.sh >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.err 2>&1


          • Save and exit your crontab. Use tail to view the output & (hopefully) observe the environment for cron. If there's nothing in the file after a minute, view the file ~/envtst.sh.err for error messages, and adjust as required. (NOTE: If you want to clear all prior error messages after troubleshooting: $ > ~/envtst.sh.err )

          crontab: installing new crontab
          $ tail -f ~/envtst.sh.out
          env report follows for user
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
          LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
          SHELL=/bin/sh
          PWD=/home/pi
          env report for user concluded



          This will repeat every minute, so enter ^C to stop the tail listing, edit your crontab again to "comment out" (or delete) the line just added. Save and exit the editor.



          • Note in the tail output above that cron has a rather sparse environment; only six (6) variables are used to define it. Note the PATH consists of only two directories. This is why your crontab entry fails if, for example, you're trying to launch a Python script that resides in your home directory. Note also that the user name (aka LOGNAME iaw System V) isn't cron - it's pi!


          • If you're not familiar, with your own user environment, it's useful to compare it against the cron environment. We'll use the same shell script to add that to the "output" file ~/envtst.sh.out:


          $ ~/envtst.sh 
          $


          • To view the output, open ~/envtst.sh.outin your editor, or cat ~/envtst.sh.out to see it in your terminal. It will likely be a fairly extensive output; 30 lines of text, more or less. Note in particular the following lines (assuming you've run this as user pi) :

          USER=pi
          ...
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          _=/home/pi/envtst.sh
          ...
          PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
          ...
          SHELL=/bin/bash


          • You'll notice numerous differences in the two environments. This will help create rational cron jobs, and help troubleshooting when they don't behave as you'd like.





          share|improve this answer















          We can ask cron to tell us what its environment is.



          • Create a shell script in your home directory (~/) as follows (or with the editor of your choice):

          $ nano ~/envtst.sh


          • Enter/C+P the following in the editor:

          #!/bin/sh 
          echo "env report follows for user "$USER >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          env >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo "env report for user "$USER" concluded" >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out
          echo " " >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.out


          • Save the file and exit the editor; then set the file permissions as executable, and open your crontab for editing:

          $ chmod a+rx ~/envtst.sh
          $ crontab -e


          • Enter the following line at the bottom of your crontab:

          * * * * * /home/pi/envtst.sh >> /home/pi/envtst.sh.err 2>&1


          • Save and exit your crontab. Use tail to view the output & (hopefully) observe the environment for cron. If there's nothing in the file after a minute, view the file ~/envtst.sh.err for error messages, and adjust as required. (NOTE: If you want to clear all prior error messages after troubleshooting: $ > ~/envtst.sh.err )

          crontab: installing new crontab
          $ tail -f ~/envtst.sh.out
          env report follows for user
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          PATH=/usr/bin:/bin
          LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
          SHELL=/bin/sh
          PWD=/home/pi
          env report for user concluded



          This will repeat every minute, so enter ^C to stop the tail listing, edit your crontab again to "comment out" (or delete) the line just added. Save and exit the editor.



          • Note in the tail output above that cron has a rather sparse environment; only six (6) variables are used to define it. Note the PATH consists of only two directories. This is why your crontab entry fails if, for example, you're trying to launch a Python script that resides in your home directory. Note also that the user name (aka LOGNAME iaw System V) isn't cron - it's pi!


          • If you're not familiar, with your own user environment, it's useful to compare it against the cron environment. We'll use the same shell script to add that to the "output" file ~/envtst.sh.out:


          $ ~/envtst.sh 
          $


          • To view the output, open ~/envtst.sh.outin your editor, or cat ~/envtst.sh.out to see it in your terminal. It will likely be a fairly extensive output; 30 lines of text, more or less. Note in particular the following lines (assuming you've run this as user pi) :

          USER=pi
          ...
          HOME=/home/pi
          LOGNAME=pi
          _=/home/pi/envtst.sh
          ...
          PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games
          ...
          SHELL=/bin/bash


          • You'll notice numerous differences in the two environments. This will help create rational cron jobs, and help troubleshooting when they don't behave as you'd like.






          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited Mar 26 at 4:42

























          answered Mar 26 at 4:36









          SeamusSeamus

          3,0971322




          3,0971322












          • Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

            – Mark Smith
            Mar 26 at 7:22











          • @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:17











          • @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:21

















          • Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

            – Mark Smith
            Mar 26 at 7:22











          • @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:17











          • @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

            – Seamus
            Mar 26 at 14:21
















          Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

          – Mark Smith
          Mar 26 at 7:22





          Very nice! For some reason your $USER variable isn't set -- see env report for user concluded.

          – Mark Smith
          Mar 26 at 7:22













          @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

          – Seamus
          Mar 26 at 14:17





          @MarkSmith: If you're referring to the absence of $USER in the cron environment, it's not that it's not set... it's just not used in the version of cron on Raspbian (and Debian I think). Here's some more on that, and still more, and more. Likely more to this story, but I don't think $USER defined for cron in any Raspbian distro

          – Seamus
          Mar 26 at 14:17













          @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

          – Seamus
          Mar 26 at 14:21





          @MarkSmith: It just dawned on me the line you referenced: env report for user concluded. Yeah... :) I stuck that in the script to emphasize that $USER isn't defined :P

          – Seamus
          Mar 26 at 14:21

















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