Hefutoxin Contents Source Chemistry Target and mode of action References Navigation menu1hp9PF08095IPR012630structuresRCSB PDBPDBePDBjstructure summary10.1074/jbc.M11125820012034709"kappa-Hefutoxin1, a novel toxin from the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with unique structure and function. Importance of the functional diad in potassium channel selectivity"10.1074/jbc.M11125820012034709"Computational simulations of interactions of the κ-hefutoxin1 with the voltage-gated potassium ion channels"10.1186/1752-0509-1-S1-P36e

NeurotoxinsIon channel toxinsInvertebrate toxins


toxinsvenomscorpionpotassium channelsscorpionidaehelicesdisulfide bridgesβ- sheets










Hefutoxin family

1hp9.png
kappa-hefutoxin 1 PDB entry 1hp9[1]

Identifiers
SymbolToxin_25
PfamPF08095
InterProIPR012630






Kappa- Hefutoxin 1 and 2 are toxins from the venom of the Asian forest black scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with a unique structure. It blocks the potassium channels Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 and slows the activation of Kv1.3.




Contents





  • 1 Source


  • 2 Chemistry


  • 3 Target and mode of action


  • 4 References




Source


The kappa- Hefutoxin 1 and 2 (κ- Hefutoxin1/2) are toxic components in the venom of Heterometrus fulvipes that belongs to the family scorpionidae. It is also known as the Asian Forest Black Scorpion and is distributed in South India, Indonesia and Malaysia.[2]



Chemistry


The structure of the toxin is unique because it is made up of two anti-parallel helices linked by two disulfide bridges without β- sheets. The κ- Hefutoxin1 consists of 22 residues and with an amidated C terminus and is the shortest scorpion toxin reported so far. The κ- Hefutoxin2 is built up of 23 residues with free C-terminus.[2]



Target and mode of action


The toxin blocks the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.2 and not only blocks the Kv1.3 channels but also slows down their activation kinetics. The blocking effect is most effective when the K+ ions flow inward thus at a negative potential.[2][3]



References




  1. ^ Srinivasan, K. N.; Sivaraja, V.; Huys, I.; Sasaki, T.; Cheng, B.; Kumar, T. K.; Sato, K.; Tytgat, J.; Yu, C.; San, B. C.; Ranganathan, S.; Bowie, H. J.; Kini, R. M.; Gopalakrishnakone, P. (2002). "Kappa -Hefutoxin1, a Novel Toxin from the Scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with Unique Structure and Function. IMPORTANCE OF THE FUNCTIONAL DIAD IN POTASSIUM CHANNEL SELECTIVITY". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (33): 30040–30047. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111258200. PMID 12034709..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em


  2. ^ abc Srinivasan KN, Sivaraja V, Huys I, et al. (August 2002). "kappa-Hefutoxin1, a novel toxin from the scorpion Heterometrus fulvipes with unique structure and function. Importance of the functional diad in potassium channel selectivity". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (33): 30040–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111258200. PMID 12034709.


  3. ^ Zarrabi M, Naderi-Manesh H (2007). "Computational simulations of interactions of the κ-hefutoxin1 with the voltage-gated potassium ion channels". BMC Systems Biology. 1 (Suppl 1): P36. doi:10.1186/1752-0509-1-S1-P36.










-

Popular posts from this blog

Moe incest case Sentencing See also References Navigation menu"'Australian Josef Fritzl' fathered four children by daughter""Small town recoils in horror at 'Australian Fritzl' incest case""Victorian rape allegations echo Fritzl case - Just In (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)""Incest father jailed for 22 years""'Australian Fritzl' sentenced to 22 years in prison for abusing daughter for three decades""RSJ v The Queen"

2009 crimes in AustraliaPeople convicted of incestRape in AustraliaChild abuse incidents and cases Victoria Police Moe, Victoria, Australiarapedphysically abusedviolencediedallegationsNews LimitedinvestigateMelbournedevelopmental problemsintellectually disabledspeech impedimentbirth certificateschargedsexual abuseDNA testspleadedguiltyincestindecent assaultcommon assaultsentencingimprisonmentparolesex offender registryappeal The Moe incest case emerged in February 2007 when a woman, identified as M for legal reasons, reported to Victoria Police in the town of Moe, Victoria, Australia that her 63-year-old father, RSJ, had raped, [1] [2] physically abused, and kept her a virtual prisoner in her own home between 1977 and 2005. Police had known about the alleged abuse since 2005, when M first came forward, but could not act because she did not want to cooperate after her father threatened violence against her mother and siblings. The J family had been known to authorities for more than ...
Read more

John Burke, 9th Earl of Clanricarde References Navigation menuA General and heraldic dictionary of the peerage and baronetage of the British EmpireLeigh Rayment's Peerage Pages

People from County GalwayJacobite military personnel of the Williamite War in IrelandHouse of Burke1642 births1722 deathsMembers of the Irish House of LordsEarls of ClanricardePeers of Ireland created by James II IrishpeerWilliam Burke, 7th Earl of ClanricardeRichardisle of InishbofinWilliamite War in IrelandBattle of AughrimUlick Burke, 1st Viscount GalwayProtestantsprivate act of the English ParliamentCatholicWild GeeseSpainBolognaFontenoyHonora BurkePatrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan John Burke, 9th Earl of Clanricarde (1642–1722) was an Irish peer. Burke was a younger son of William Burke, 7th Earl of Clanricarde and succeeded his brother Richard. He was created Baron Bophin (over the isle of Inishbofin where Burke is still a common surname amongst the islanders [1] ) in 1689 and commanded a foot regiment as its colonel during the Williamite War in Ireland. He was taken prisoner at the Battle of Aughrim in 1691 and outlawed. His younger brother Ulick Burke, 1st Viscount G...
Read more

Football at the 1986 Brunei Merdeka Games Contents Teams Group stage Knockout stage References Navigation menu"Brunei Merdeka Games 1986".

Image
1986 in Asian footballFootball at the Brunei Merdeka Games1986 in Brunei1986 in Singaporean football1986 in Malaysian football1986 in Thai sport Bandar Seri BegawanBruneiMalaysia Cup Football at the 1986 Brunei Merdeka Games Tournament details Host country Brunei Dates 19 July – 27 July Teams 10 Final positions Champions Persib Bandung (1st title) Runners-up Malaysia B Third place   Brunei Fourth place Singapore XI Tournament statistics Matches played 10 Goals scored 25 (2.5 per match) ← 1985 1987 → The football tournament at the 1986 Brunei Merdeka Games was held from July 19 to 27 in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. The tournament was also referred to as the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Cup, or the second Brunei Pesta Sukan Cup. Contents 1 Teams 2 Group stage 2.1 Group A 2.2 Group B 3 Knockout stage 3.1 Semi-finals 3.2 Bronze medal match 3.3 Gold medal match 4 References Teams It is likely that the Philippines team was the full national team, bu...
Read more