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Gravelines
; Gravelines; ; Grevelingen;
	Commune
	; Place Charles Valentin;
	; ; ; Coat of arms; ;
	; Location of Gravelines; ; ; ;
	; ; ; ; ; Gravelines; ; ; ; Show map of France; ; ; ; ; ; Gravelines; ; ; ; Show map of Hauts-de-France; ;
	Coordinates: 50°59′09″N 2°07′42″E / 50.9858°N 2.1283°E / 50.9858; 2.1283Coordinates: 50°59′09″N 2°07′42″E / 50.9858°N 2.1283°E / 50.9858; 2.1283;
Country	France
Region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Nord
Arrondissement	Dunkerque
Canton	Grande-Synthe
Intercommunality	Communauté urbaine de Dunkerque
Government ;
• Mayor .mw-parser-output .noboldfont-weight:normal; (2014-2020) ;	Bertrand Ringot
Area 1;	22.66 km2 (8.75 sq mi)
Population (2015)2;	11,586
• Density	510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Gravelinois
Time zone	; UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	; UTC+02:00 (CEST)
; INSEE/Postal code	; 59273 /59820
Elevation	0–25 m (0–82 ft) ; (avg. 3 m or 9.8 ft)
	; 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.; 2Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Commune in Hauts-de-France, France

Gravelines (Dutch: Grevelingen) is a commune in the Nord department in Northern France. It lies at the mouth of the river Aa 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Dunkirk. It was formed in the 12th century around the mouth of a canal built to connect Saint-Omer with the sea. As it was on the western borders of Spanish territory in Flanders it became heavily fortified, some of which still remains.

There is a market in the town square (Place Charles Valentin) on Fridays. The "Arsenal" approached from the town square is home to an extensive and carefully displayed art collection. There are modern bronze statues in the grounds. The town is also home to French basketball club BCM Gravelines.

History

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In the early 12th century, Saint-Omer was an important port in western Flanders. Silting gradually cut it off from the North Sea, resulting in the construction of a canal to the new coast at what is now Gravelines. The name is derived from the Dutch Gravenenga, meaning Count's Canal. The new town became heavily fortified as it guarded the western borders of Spanish territory in Flanders.

Gravelines was taken by Henry le Despenser's English forces during the Norwich Crusade of 1383 and was that year destroyed on his orders as the English retreated towards Calais.^[1]

The moat, the drawbridge, the western walls and the bastion of the Mill

There was a famous meeting at Gravelines in 1520, between the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England. There were two battles fought nearby: the first was a land battle in 1558 resulting in a victory by Spanish forces of Lamoral, Count of Egmont over the French under Marshal Paul des Thermes, while the second was a naval attack using fire ships in 1588 launched by England's Royal Navy under Lord Howard against the Spanish Armada at anchor. Gravelines was also the setting for Sir Philip Sidney's failure to deliver the town from Spanish occupation in July 1586, which is described in the anonymous A Discourse of the enterprise of Gravelines.

The town was captured and recaptured several times by the French and Spanish between 1639 and 1658. It was finally annexed to France in the Treaty of the Pyrenees of 1659.

Only in the 19th century did the population become entirely French-speaking.

On May 24, 1940, during the Fall of France, German Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, commanding Army Group A, ordered his armored divisions to close up the "Canal Line" of Lens-Gravelines, and halt there.

Politics

Presidential Elections 2nd Round

	Candidate	Party	%
2017	Marine Le Pen	FN	56.12
2012	François Hollande	PS	60.45
2007	Ségolène Royal	PS	55.71
2002	Jacques Chirac	RPR	73.62

^[2]

Twin towns

Biblis, Germany

Fáskrúðsfjörður, Iceland

Dartford, England, United Kingdom

The charter between Dartford and Gravelines was signed in Gravelines on the 22 September 1991 by The Mayor, Councillor Tony Gillham, on behalf of Dartford Borough Council and Councillor A. May on behalf of the Dartford and District Twinning Association together with The Mayor of Gravelines, Monsieur A. Denvers and Monsieur C. Marquis, Chairman of their Jumelage (which is Gravelines' equivalent to Dartford's Twinning Association).^{[citation needed]}

Economy

Today, the small town is famous for its nuclear energy plant. It also hosts two OVH data centers, GRA-1 and GRA-2.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Gare de Gravelines on the TER Nord-Pas-de-Calais system.

Notes

^ Allington-Smith, Henry Despenser the Fighting Bishop, chapter 4

^ "Résultats Gravelines - Présidentielle 2017 - 1er et 2nd tour". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 30 April 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

^ OVH. "Gravelines, le plus grand centre de données d'Europe". Actualités OVH (in French). Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.

^ "OVH installe des datacenters en Allemagne et en Angleterre - Le Monde Informatique". LeMondeInformatique (in French). Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.

^ "OVH investit 180 millions d'euros à Gravelines et recrute 500 personnes". LeMagIT (in French). Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.

References

INSEE commune file

Allington-Smith, R. (2003). Henry Despenser: the fighting bishop. Dereham: Larks Press. ISBN 1-904006-16-7.

External links

Webpage about the fortifications

Le zouave de l'Alma

[1] Allington-Smith, Henry Despenser the Fighting Bishop, chapter 4

[2] "Résultats Gravelines - Présidentielle 2017 - 1er et 2nd tour". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 30 April 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citationfont-style:inherit.mw-parser-output .citation qquotes:"""""""'""'".mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registrationcolor:#555.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration spanborder-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon abackground:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center.mw-parser-output code.cs1-codecolor:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-errordisplay:none;font-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-errorfont-size:100%.mw-parser-output .cs1-maintdisplay:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-formatfont-size:95%.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-leftpadding-left:0.2em.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-rightpadding-right:0.2em

[3] OVH. "Gravelines, le plus grand centre de données d'Europe". Actualités OVH (in French). Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.

[4] "OVH installe des datacenters en Allemagne et en Angleterre - Le Monde Informatique". LeMondeInformatique (in French). Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.

[5] "OVH investit 180 millions d'euros à Gravelines et recrute 500 personnes". LeMagIT (in French). Archived from the original on 2017-11-10. Retrieved 2017-11-10.

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